The application of nanotechnology in medicine and dentistry will bring significant advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Various applications of nanotechnology in medicine are responsible for development of a new branch of medicine, called nanomedicine, which shows how it is possible to improve the understanding of pathophysiologic basis of disease, with more sophisticated diagnostic opportunities, and more efficient therapies. In the near future, when doctors gain access to medical robots, they will be able to quickly cure most known diseases and rapidly repair physical injuries of our bodies, vastly extending the human health span. The manipulation with the matter at the atomic and molecular scale enables to create materials with remarkably improved properties. Therefore, this is extremely fast expanding area of research with huge potential in many sectors, from healthcare to construction and electronics. In medicine, it revolutionizes drug delivery, gene therapy, and diagnostics in clinical practice. Recently, many different systems and strategies have been developed for drug targeting to pathological sites, as well as for visualizing and quantifying important (patho)physiological processes. In addition, special care is paid to tissue engineering, which shows limitless opportunities in creation of new tissues and organs.
Treatment of bone tissue injuries and diseases which have enormous significance for surgeons, due to advances in biocompatible materials design, especially biodegradable porous structures (scaffold) is significantly improved. The basic advantage of these scaffolds with defined porosity and pore structure is adequate structure for cells settlement, accelerating the rate of a new / tissue formation.
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