The translational symmetry of the distribution of atoms (ions) of the charge carriers (electrons orholes) system is broken by sputtering (doping),and due to the existence of two boundary surfaces.This is a model of high-temperature superconductors in which the observed symmetry breakingorthogonal to the CuO plane is treated as a perturbation. Singl...

By Jovan P. šetrajčić, Siniša M. Vučenović